Kilpatrick, Ph. This is true at all levels. Public policy can be generally defined as a system of laws, regulatory measures, courses of action, and funding priorities concerning a given topic promulgated by a governmental entity or its representatives. Individuals and groups often attempt to shape public policy through education, advocacy, or mobilization of interest groups.
Shaping public policy is obviously different in Western-style democracies than in other forms of government. But it is reasonable to assume that the process always involves efforts by competing interest groups to influence policy makers in their favor.
A major aspect of public policy is law. In a general sense, the law includes specific legislation and more broadly defined provisions of constitutional or international law. Thornton v. State , Md. Example: A state's law defines aggravated battery as "intentional and harmful physical contact with another with the intent to maim or disfigure.
So, suppose that Denise says to Vance, "No one will love you once I mess up that pretty face. Since the evidence is likely to establish that she specifically intended to disfigure Vance, she is probably guilty of aggravated battery.
Example: A state's law provides that a person who takes another's property "with intent to deprive the owner is guilty of larceny. Wetherelt v. State , P. Frequently, statutes don't clearly state whether the offenses they describe require specific or general intent. Rather, courts determine a crime's intent element by following the general rule that terms like "knowingly" and "voluntarily" denote general intent as in "knowingly and voluntarily use force against another".
Terms that describe something more than knowledge and voluntariness, like "purpose," tend to indicate specific intent as in "knowingly and voluntarily use force against someone with the intent to disable him or her".
Peralta , F. Like so many areas of law, determining whether a crime requires general or specific intent can be tricky. If you've been charged with a crime, immediately consult an experienced criminal defense attorney. An experienced lawyer can fully explain the applicable law, advise you of any available defenses , and otherwise protect your rights. The information provided on this site is not legal advice, does not constitute a lawyer referral service, and no attorney-client or confidential relationship is or will be formed by use of the site.
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Please reference the Terms of Use and the Supplemental Terms for specific information related to your state. Grow Your Legal Practice. Meet the Editors. Money is necessary to live. Note that the equivalent nouns in the examples above are identical in form despite their different usage as specific or general.
That is, in the first and the fourth examples, the highlighted noun is profit. In the first example, profit is specific because it refers to the particular profit that the company made this year. In the fourth example, profit is general because it does not refer to any particular profit; instead, it refers to a profit as a generalization, in this case, the goal of companies.
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